Are bank interests considered usury (riba)? What were the types of usury during the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and was any of it permissible or was all of it forbidden?

Interest-based profits from banks are prohibited (haram), whereas the profits of Islamic banks derived from legitimate Mudarabah (profit-sharing) are permissible (halal). The usury (riba) that was prohibited during the time of the Prophet, peace be upon him, was of two types: Riba al-Fadl (an excess in one of two homogeneous exchanged items) and Riba al-Nasi'ah (an increase in debt in exchange for deferment). Usury has been prohibited by the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and scholarly consensus. Allah the Almighty says: "And Allah has permitted trade and forbidden interest." The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, also cursed the one who consumes riba, the one who feeds it to others, its scribe, and its two witnesses.