If my father prevents me from praying in the mosque, should I obey him or not?

Obeying a father or anyone else in an act of disobedience to Allah is not permissible, because the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no obedience in disobedience to Allah; obedience is only in what is right," and "Hearing and obeying are incumbent upon a person in what he likes and dislikes, as long as he is not commanded to commit an act of disobedience. If he is commanded to commit an act of disobedience, then there is no hearing and no obedience." Congregational prayer is obligatory, so do not obey your father in abandoning it.