Does the one who abandons prayer commit an act of disbelief if the Imam does not summon him to it, or does he not commit an act of disbelief until he refuses after being summoned?

Scholars differed regarding the condition of the Imam's call to the prayer-abandoner for a ruling of disbelief (kufr) against him. The sound position of the Hanbali school is that he does not disbelieve before the call, and the majority of their associates hold this view. While others believe that he disbelieves even if he is not called, and this is what Ibn Uthaymin preferred due to the apparentness of the evidence and the absence of evidence for this condition. As for ruling on a person's inner disbelief, that is not for humans, but for Allah, and legal rulings pertain to outward appearances.