What is the difference between an uncorrupted Hadith (Hadith Mus'haf) and a distorted Hadith (Hadith Muharraf)?

"Tashif" (corruption) is the alteration of a word from its commonly known form to another. It encompasses various forms, including: changes in the letters of a word, or in its diacritics and vocalization, or the inversion of a name, or the substitution of one word for another, or the replacement of one narrator with another, or a change in meaning. Hadith scholars often used the terms "tashif" and "tahrif" (distortion) interchangeably. However, some imams attempted to differentiate between them, such as Imam al-Askari, who restricted "tashif" to cases where the alteration occurred despite a similar visual form of the script, and defined "tahrif" as alterations that resulted in a change in the script itself. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar followed him in this distinction, considering alterations related to diacritics as "tashif" and those related to vocalization as "tahrif," although he did not adhere to this distinction in all of his writings.