Is it permissible in Islamic law to purchase a car by installments, paying an upfront sum and additional profit on the remaining installments?

The described transaction has three possibilities:

1. A loan from the company repaid in installments with interest, and this is usury (riba).

2. A Murabaha sale, where the profit percentage is the company's profit from the sale, and this is permissible.

3. A Murabaha sale, where the profit percentage is a late payment penalty, and this is impermissible.