What is the ruling on and the appropriate times for cupping (hijama) in Ramadan, and what illnesses does it treat?

Firstly: Cupping (Al-Hijamah) invalidates the fast. It is permissible for a fasting person who needs it due to illness to break their fast and make up for that day later.

Secondly: The established sites for cupping in the Sunnah are: the head, the two jugular veins (al-akhda'ayn), the upper back (al-kahil), the hip, and the top of the foot. The Prophet (peace be upon him) had cupping done on his head while in a state of ihram due to a pain he was experiencing, and he had cupping done three times on his two jugular veins and his upper back. He also had cupping done on his hip for a sprain, and on the top of his foot while in a state of ihram for a sprain he had.

Thirdly: There are other cupping sites mentioned by Ibn al-Qayyim, including under the chin and below the chest, which are beneficial for specific ailments. For details on the diseases treated by cupping and their respective sites, one should refer to specialists.