How should one act in the event of an irregular menstrual cycle and the discharge of blood after ghusl (ritual purification) outside of the regular time of menstruation?

A woman's purity from menstruation is known by the emission of white discharge (al-Qassah al-Bayda') or by complete dryness. If blood returns after purity, it is considered menstruation. If the blood flow is continuous or stops only briefly, it is considered istihadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding).

You must make up the days you fasted while bleeding, provided the bleeding did not continue throughout the entire month.

If the bleeding is continuous without interruption, you are considered a woman with istihadah, and you must: 1. Observe your usual menstrual period, then perform ghusl (ritual bath) and pray. 2. If you do not have a regular period, differentiate between the blood types: menstrual blood is dark, thick, and has an unpleasant odor, while istihadah blood is light and thin. 3. If there is no discernible difference, observe six or seven days, then perform ghusl and pray.

A woman with istihadah must perform ablution (wudu') for each obligatory prayer after its time has begun, and she may pray as many voluntary prayers as she wishes with that same ablution.