Is it permissible to purchase a car in installments through a bank, given the unavailability of Islamic sale conditions in other companies and banks, and in the presence of difficult conditions such as a sales ban, late payment penalties, the requirement of a guarantor, and restrictions on car selection?

It is permissible to purchase a car in installments through an Islamic bank, using what is known as Murabaha for the one who commands the purchase. The conditions for this are: the bank must own the car before the sales contract with the customer, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade selling what one does not own and profiting from what one has not guaranteed. Also, it is stipulated that there should be no penalty clause for the customer's delay in paying installments, as this is usury (riba). As for the condition of prohibiting resale until all installments are paid, there is no harm in it if it is temporary, and this is often done by mortgaging the car or not registering it in the customer's name, and mortgaging is permissible. Furthermore, stipulating a guarantor is not legally problematic, as it does not contradict the essence of the contract but rather confirms it, and guarantees are compatible with debt contracts.