What is the ruling on usurious banks offering to buy a car by paying a part of its price and depositing the remainder as an interest-free deposit, then paying the rest in installments, the sum of which is less than the deposit value, and retrieving the deposit after the full price has been paid? And is this considered a circumvention of usury?

This transaction is impermissible because the bank lends the customer the price of the car to be repaid in installments, in exchange for the customer lending the bank the same amount by depositing it with the bank. This allows the bank to benefit from the deposit and take usurious interest on it, after which the deposit is returned to its owner upon repayment of the loan. This is forbidden because every loan that draws a benefit is usury (riba).