How is a treasure (rikaz) found in inherited land to be distributed? Is it treated like an inheritance, or is it distributed equally among males and females?

Treasure (Kanz) is a more general term than Rikaz (buried treasure from the pre-Islamic era). Rikaz specifically refers to what was buried in the time of Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic ignorance), while Kanz refers to what was buried in both the Jahiliyyah and Islamic eras.

If the treasure was buried in the Jahiliyyah era, it is considered Rikaz. If heirs find it in inherited land, it belongs to them, and they divide it among themselves after extracting one-fifth (khums) of it.

However, if the treasure was buried by Muslims, its ruling is similar to that of a lost item (Luqatah): it must be publicly announced for a year, after which the finder may take possession of it.

Islamic treasures are those that bear Islamic signs, such as the declaration of Tawhid (Oneness of God), prayers upon the Prophet, or the name of a Muslim ruler. There are two perspectives regarding these treasures: the first holds that they do not fall under the ruling of a lost item and that the finder is obligated to preserve them indefinitely; the second views them as akin to lost items in terms of public announcement and disposal.