Is the prayer acceptable if the first and second Tashahhud are omitted due to not mastering the Arabic language?
The first Tashahhud is obligatory, and the last is a pillar. The accountable person must learn the Tashahhud and memorize its wording because it is specific. If he replaces it with its meaning, his prayer is invalid. This applies if he is capable of pronouncing it in Arabic. However, if he is unable, its translation suffices, as held by the Shafi'is and Hanbalis.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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