What is meant by the fatwa prohibiting the sale of shares owned in most companies, even the pure ones, and what is the ruling on buying and selling shares from and dealing with Al-Rajhi Banking and Investment Company?

In summary, if shares represent only money, then it is not permissible to sell them for more or less, but rather for an equal amount and with immediate possession. This applies during the company's formation stage, before the money transforms into assets. As for shares that represent assets, such as factories, it is permissible to buy and sell them if they are pure (halal). Some scholars have held the view that it is permissible to sell shares after permission for their trading has been granted, considering that the company possesses other assets besides money that have significant Sharia-compliant value.