1. Is ruling by other than what Allah has revealed a minor or major shirk, citing the verse: "And He does not associate anyone in His rule"? 2. Is ruling an act of worship like prayer, fasting, and supplication, based on the verse: "The judgment is only for Allah. He has commanded that you worship none but Him"?

Ruling by the Law of Allah is a great act of worship dedicated to Allah alone, for He states: "The judgment is only for Allah." This indicates that judgment is an act of worship that must be directed to Allah.

Ruling by other than what Allah has revealed is sometimes minor disbelief (kufr asghar) and sometimes major disbelief (kufr akbar), depending on the state of the ruler. If he believes that ruling by what Allah has revealed is obligatory, but deviates from it out of disobedience, then it is minor disbelief. If he believes that it is not obligatory or that he has a choice in it, then it is major disbelief. If he is ignorant of it and makes a mistake, then he is mistaken.