Is it said after sneezing: “Allah is my Lord, Islam is my religion, Muhammad is my prophet, the Quran is my book, the Sunnah is my way, the Kaaba is my Qiblah, the believers are my brothers, so bear witness, O angels”? And has anything to that effect been mentioned in the Sunnah?

It is sunnah for one who sneezes to place his hand or garment over his mouth when sneezing, and to say: "Alhamdulillah (Praise be to Allah)" or "Alhamdulillah Rabbil-'alamin (Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds)." If he is alone, he should say: "Alhamdulillah" then "May Allah have mercy on us and you." The one who sneezes is supplicated for by saying: "Yarhamukallah (May Allah have mercy on you)," and the sneezer responds by saying: "Yahdikumullah wa yuslihu balakum (May Allah guide you and rectify your affairs)." As for saying: "Allah is my Lord, and Islam is my religion..." after sneezing, it has not been reported.