What are the rulings concerning triumph and victory? Is it permissible for a Muslim to retaliate in kind in cases of rape, theft, and lying?

The jurists' intended meaning of al-Zafar (gaining ascendancy/seizing one's right) is a person's ability to take their right from another. It is stated in Al-Kharshi's commentary on Mukhtasar Khalil that a person may take their right if they are able to do so, provided it is not a punishment and they are safe from fitna (strife/temptation). The rulings concerning al-Zafar vary depending on the rights involved; it may be prohibited in some cases and permissible in others. This detailed explanation is found in the books of the jurists. As for retaliating against an aggressor in kind, it is conditioned upon not being in matters that are forbidden, such as zina (fornication/adultery) and liwāt (sodomy). Thus, retaliation in kind is not permissible in these cases because they are forbidden.