What are the implications for a woman who fasted the entire month of Ramadan while experiencing bleeding during her pregnancy, which makes her doubt the validity of her fast, and who is now unable to fast due to poor health?

A pregnant woman's fast is valid even if there is bleeding, because this blood is not considered menstruation (hayd) or post-natal bleeding (nifas). It is usually dysfunctional bleeding (dam fasad) which does not affect the fast.

If the bleeding is consistent with her usual pre-pregnancy cycle, some scholars consider it menstruation that invalidates the fast, while others hold that a pregnant woman does not menstruate and this blood is not considered [menstruation], and this is the more well-known opinion.

The blood experienced by a pregnant woman is often irregular and unstable blood, and is considered dysfunctional bleeding. In this case, the woman should use a cotton pad or similar protection, perform ablution (wudu') for each prayer after its time has begun, and pray with her ablution even if the bleeding continues, as she is like a woman experiencing prolonged vaginal bleeding (mustahadah).

She can combine the two prayers (Dhuhr and Asr, and Maghrib and Isha) and perform a ritual bath (ghusl) for every two prayers for activity and cleanliness, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, advised some women experiencing prolonged vaginal bleeding.