Is the Swedish "kassa" system, which pays unemployment benefits in exchange for a monthly subscription or without one, permissible (halal) or forbidden (haram)? And is it permissible to subscribe to it or take money from it?

If subscribing to a particular system requires paying money, it is insurance. For it to be permissible, it must be cooperative insurance (meaning the collected money is invested for the benefit of the insured), and the money must not be invested in prohibited ways, such as usury. As for obtaining money from this system without paying financial contributions, there is no harm in it if the conditions apply to the beneficiary, bearing in mind that lying and deception to obtain these funds are not permissible. A Muslim should refrain from taking such money unless they are in dire need of it.