What is the ruling of Sharia on purchasing shares in a foreign company?

A share is a specific portion of a company's capital, representing the shareholder's stake in it, and its value is equal. It is permissible to buy and sell shares, provided that one avoids companies that sell prohibited goods, usurious banks, or placing share funds in usurious banks. It is not permissible to invest in companies that deal with usury or commercial insurance companies, due to their involvement with gharar (excessive uncertainty), jahalah (ignorance regarding the subject matter), and usury.