What is the difference between pyramid and network marketing? And are there among the scholars those who have deeply studied e-commerce and network marketing?

It is not a prerequisite for a Mufti to specialize in commerce to issue fatwas concerning its matters. Rather, it suffices to understand the reality of the issue and to consult experts in that field. Network marketing, or pyramid schemes, is prohibited because it is based on a pyramid principle that results in the majority of participants losing out to a small minority, due to the product reaching market saturation. Both Islamic and Western studies have been issued, warning against this type of marketing due to its deceptive and fraudulent nature.