What is the ruling on an uncle who took out a loan for his nephew through a deceptive, nominal transfer to register a house in his name, and then died? Is he sinful and does he owe expiation? Is the loan a debt owed by him or by his nephew? And what is the ruling on the guarantors whose salaries the bank is deducting to repay the loan?

Usury (Riba) is forbidden and is one of the gravest sins. Engaging in it is not permissible except in a dire necessity. The sin encompasses the one who takes it and the one who assists him in it. The expiation for your uncle is abundant seeking of forgiveness for him, giving charity on his behalf, and supplicating for him. The remaining debt is not the responsibility of your uncle but rather the responsibility of the one who took it. Similarly, the expenses of the usurious loan should not be paid except under compulsion. The two guarantors are included in the sin of cooperating in usury, and what they took they should return to the loan recipient, because they are his guarantors, and a guarantor is liable.