Is it unlawful to deduct a portion of one's salary to invest it in America in various ventures, including the stock market or with a fixed interest rate? And is it unlawful to invest in US dollars in Egyptian banks at a 1% interest rate?

Deductions from one's salary fall into two categories: Either they are made voluntarily, which is impermissible if invested in riba (usury/interest), based on the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "A dirham of riba which a man consumes knowingly is worse than thirty-six acts of zina (fornication/adultery)." Or they are made involuntarily, in a manner from which one cannot escape except with greater harm. In this case, there is no sin upon you. However, it is not permissible to benefit from it as a pension except to the extent of what was paid and deducted from your salary. The best course of action is to invest your savings yourself in what is permissible, or through permissible Mudarabah (profit-sharing) arrangements, or in Islamic banks that have a Shariah supervisory board.