What is the ruling on fasting and prayer during the days when light brown or light red spots, or light red lines appear, both before and after the onset of heavy bleeding accompanied by pain?

The thick blood, accompanied by pain for four days, is menstruation (hayd). The brown and red spots that precede the period, if they are connected to the blood, are part of the menstruation. If they are separate, they are not menstruation. Similarly, the light red lines for two days, if they are before purification (tuhr), are part of the menstruation. If they are after purification, they are nothing, and their ruling is that of istiḥāḍa blood. Purification is attained by the white discharge (al-qaṣṣah al-bayḍāʾ) or the dryness of the area. Ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about a brown discharge that precedes menstruation, and he replied that if it is separate, it is not menstruation, and prayer, fasting, and ablution for each prayer are obligatory. If it is connected, it is part of menstruation and prevents prayer and fasting. Similarly, the brownish (kudrah) and yellowish (ṣufrah) discharges after purification are not considered menstruation, based on the saying of Umm ʿAṭiyyah: "We did not consider the brownish and yellowish discharges after purification as anything."