What is the ruling on money found buried in the ground in a non-Islamic country?

Scholars have differed on the ruling concerning Rikāz (buried treasure bearing a sign indicating it belongs to disbelievers) if a Muslim finds it in a land of disbelief after entering it safely: 1. The Hanafis are of the opinion that he does not own it but must return it to its owners because it is in their possession, unless he finds it in the wilderness, in which case it is his. 2. The Shāfiʿīs are of the opinion that it is not permissible for him to take it, and he is obligated to return it. 3. The Hanbalis and Ibn Hazm are of the opinion that he owns it and must pay one-fifth (khums) from it.

The preponderant opinion is that he owns it, provided he pays one-fifth (khums) from it, based on the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) saying: "And in Rikāz is the one-fifth." This one-fifth is to be spent on general Muslim welfare, and given to the poor, orphans, wayfarers, and the relatives of the Prophet (peace be upon him).