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The question

Is the saying, "Whoever says that Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Aisha, and Hafsa are in Hell has committed disbelief," considered correct, bearing in mind that it is not permissible to declare a Muslim a disbeliever?

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Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

A group of scholars has held the view that whoever insults the Companions, or disparages them, or impugns their integrity, or explicitly declares hatred for them, is considered an infidel. They have stated that such a person's blood is permissible to shed unless he repents. The ruling becomes stricter and the disagreement lessens concerning the ten promised Paradise and the Mothers of the Believers. There is disagreement regarding one who curses a Companion: the majority hold that he should be disciplined, while some Malikis say he should be killed, and some Shafi'is restrict this to the two Shaykhs (Abu Bakr and Umar) and the two Hasans ( and Husayn).

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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
141592
Imported
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Source text, unreviewed
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