Glossary
Plain definitions for terms that recur in the answers.
A
Ada
*Ada* is performing an act of worship inside the time the law set for it.
Adhan
The adhan is the call to prayer, recited aloud at the start of each of the five daily prayer times. It announces that the time has entered.…
Ahwat
Ahwat names the more cautious of two positions on a question.
Ajr
Ajr is reward, most often the spiritual reward for a good deed, recorded by God. The same word is also used for a wage or payment in a…
Akhirah
Al-Akhirah is the hereafter: the life after death, including resurrection, judgment, and the eternal destinations of Paradise and Hell.…
Amanah
Amanah is a trust: something entrusted to a person's care, whether an object, a responsibility, a secret, or a position. The Qur'an…
Aqiqah
Aqiqah is a sacrifice offered to celebrate a newborn child. Tradition calls for two animals for a boy and one for a girl, with the meat…
Asnaf
Asnaf are the eight categories of people eligible to receive zakat, named in the Qur'an, including the poor, the needy, and those in debt.…
Awla
Awla names the better of two lawful options, a scholar's preference rather than a requirement that rules the other option out.
Ayah
An ayah is a single verse of the Qur'an, the smallest numbered unit of its text. The same word also means 'sign' more broadly in Arabic.…
Azimah
Azimah names the original rule Islamic law sets for ordinary circumstances, the standard a person returns to once a hardship eases.
B
Barzakh
Barzakh is the intermediate state between death and resurrection. The Qur'an describes it as a barrier separating this life from the next.…
Batil
Batil names an act or contract lacking a pillar or condition of its formation, producing no legal effect.
Bid'ah
Bid'ah is an innovation in religious practice: something introduced into worship or belief without basis in the Qur'an, sunnah, or early…
Birr al-Walidayn
Birr al-Walidayn is honoring and dutifully treating one's parents, a duty the Qur'an places right alongside the command to worship God…
D
Da'if
Da'if describes a hadith judged weak, because of a gap or an unreliable narrator somewhere in its chain. Scholars differ on how, or…
Darurah
*Darurah* is a state where a person fears death, or comparable harm to life or health, unless a forbidden act is done.
Dayn
Dayn is money one person owes another, such as a loan or an unpaid price, due once its term arrives.
Dhabihah
Dhabihah is the method of slaughtering an animal for food according to Islamic law. It requires a swift cut to the throat, invoking God's…
Dhikr
*Dhikr* is the remembrance of Allah, whether spoken aloud, said silently, or held in the heart.
Du'a
Du'a is supplication: personal prayer and request made directly to God, distinct from salah, the ritual prayer. It can be made in any…
E
F
Fara'id
Fara'id is the fiqh discipline that fixes exactly who inherits, who does not, and the precise share due to each heir.
Fard
Fard names an act Islamic law demands with full binding force, rewarded for doing it and answerable for leaving it without excuse.
Fasid
Fasid names an act or contract sound at its root but flawed in one attached condition.
Faskh
*Faskh* is dissolving a contract and undoing the legal effects it created.
Fatwa
*Fatwa* is a qualified scholar's answer to one specific question of Islamic law, reporting what the ruling is rather than creating it.
Fidyah
*Fidyah* is a ransom-payment, usually feeding a person in need, given in place of worship they can never do.
Fiqh
Fiqh is the human effort to understand and apply Islamic law. It works out everyday practice — prayer, transactions, family life — from the…
Fitrah
Fitrah, in this context, is a set of grooming practices linked to natural human disposition. They include trimming the mustache, cutting…
G
Gharar
Gharar is excessive uncertainty or ambiguity in a contract — about its subject matter, price, or terms. Islamic law treats significant…
Gharim
*Gharim* is a person weighed down by a debt they cannot repay.
Ghibah
Ghibah is backbiting: speaking about an absent person in a way they would dislike, even if what is said is true. The Qur'an describes it…
Ghusl
Ghusl is the full ritual washing of the entire body. It is required after major ritual impurity, such as sexual intimacy or the end of a…
H
Hadanah
Hadanah is custody of children, most often discussed after divorce: who is responsible for their daily care. Islamic law weighs…
Hadath
Hadath is the ritual impurity affecting a person, removed by wudu (minor) or ghusl (major). It differs from najasah, impurity attached to a…
Hadith
A hadith is a report of something the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, did, or approved of. It passes down through a chain of narrators, called an…
Hady
Hady is a sacrificial animal offered during hajj, required in some of its forms and voluntary in others. The meat is distributed to those…
Hajah
*Hajah* is the jurists' term for hardship a person would otherwise face, real but short of a fear for life or health.
Hajj
Hajj is the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, performed during a set period in the Islamic calendar. It is obligatory once in a lifetime for…
Halal
Halal names an act, food, or transaction classed as permitted in Islamic law. It is used most often for food and drink, as the counterpart…
Haram
Haram names an act Islamic law forbids with full binding force, answerable for doing it without excuse and rewarded for leaving it.
Hasad
Hasad is envy: wishing that a blessing someone else has would be taken away from them. Several hadith treat a related feeling — wanting…
Hasan
Hasan describes a hadith judged reliable, with a chain slightly weaker than sahih. Often this is because one narrator's memory, while…
Hawl
Hawl is the full lunar year that qualifying wealth must stay at or above the nisab threshold before zakat is due. If the wealth drops below…
Haya
Haya is modesty: a sense of shame or restraint that discourages indecent, disrespectful, or shameless speech and behavior. Hadith describe…
Hayd
Hayd is menstruation. During it, a woman is exempted from prayer and fasting. Specific rulings also apply to other acts of worship, such as…
Hibah
Hibah is a voluntary transfer of property to someone else during the giver's lifetime, made without expecting anything back.
Hifz
Hifz is memorizing the Qur'an, in full or in part. Someone who has memorized the entire text is called a hafiz. Fatwas on hifz often…
Hijab
Hijab, in Islamic law, is the requirement of modest dress for Muslim women in front of men outside specified close relatives. Covering the…
Hijrah
The Hijrah is the migration of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his companions from Mecca to Medina. It marks the start of the Islamic lunar…
Hukm
*Hukm* is the Sharia's address concerning the acts of accountable people, placing each act on a fixed scale.
I
I'adah
*I'adah* is repeating an act of worship within its original time window, to fix a defect or reach greater completeness.
I'tikaf
I'tikaf is a period of seclusion in a mosque, devoted to worship. It is most often observed in Ramadan's last ten nights, and requires…
Iddah
Iddah is the waiting period a woman observes after divorce or her husband's death, before she may remarry. Its length depends on the…
Ifrad
Ifrad is performing hajj on its own, without combining it with umrah in the same ihram. Unlike tamattu' and qiran, it does not require a…
Iftar
Iftar is the meal that breaks the fast at sunset, at the start of Maghrib prayer time. Breaking the fast promptly once the sun has set is…
Ihram
Ihram is the sacred state a pilgrim enters before performing hajj or umrah. It is marked by specific clothing for men, a set intention, and…
Ijarah
Ijarah is a contract to use something, or someone's labor, for a set period in exchange for payment.
Ijma
*Ijma* is the agreement of every qualified scholar of an era on a ruling, with no recorded dissent among them at all.
Ijtihad
*Ijtihad* is the disciplined effort a qualified scholar makes to work out a ruling, using recognized tools, not personal opinion alone.
Ikhlas
Ikhlas is doing an act of worship for God alone, with no share of the intention aimed at anything else.
Imam
An imam is the person who leads a congregational prayer, standing at the front with worshippers following his movements. The word is also…
Iman
Iman is faith: belief in God, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree. Hadith describe it as including both…
Imsak
Imsak marks the point just before dawn when eating and drinking stop for the day's fast. Some calendars mark it as a short buffer before…
Iqamah
The iqamah is the second call to prayer, recited just before the prayer begins, once worshippers have gathered. It is shorter than the…
Isnad
An isnad is the chain of narrators reporting a hadith back to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Scholars examine each name for honesty, memory, and…
Istihadah
Istihadah is irregular or prolonged bleeding outside the normal pattern of hayd or nifas. Islamic law treats it as a medical condition, not…
Istikhara
*Istikhara* is a prayer offered when a person is torn between two matters and does not know which is better.
Istinja
Istinja is cleaning oneself with water after using the toilet, before wudu can be performed. Cleaning with a solid material, such as…
J
Jabirah (splint or cast)
*Jabirah* is a splint or cast: a firm covering placed over an injured part of the body.
Jahannam
Jahannam is Hell: the place of punishment the Qur'an and hadith describe for those who die in disbelief. Scholars differ on questions such…
Jam' Bayn al-Salatayn
Jam' Bayn al-Salatayn is combining two prayers — Dhuhr with Asr, or Maghrib with Isha — into one time window.
Jama'ah
Jama'ah means a congregation: a group praying together behind one imam, rather than each person praying alone. Hadith describe praying in…
Jamarat
The Jamarat are three stone pillars at Mina, symbolically stoned with pebbles on set days during hajj. The rite commemorates a moment in…
Janabah
Janabah is the state of major ritual impurity that follows sexual intimacy or the release of sexual fluid. Ghusl is required before prayer…
Janazah
Janazah refers to the funeral rite for a deceased Muslim, including the communal funeral prayer performed over the body before burial. The…
Jannah
Jannah is Paradise: the eternal reward the Qur'an and hadith describe for those who believed and did good. It is described in vivid, varied…
Jumhur
*Jumhur* means the majority: most scholars, or most of the established schools, holding one view against a real minority.
Jumu'ah
Jumu'ah is the Friday congregational prayer, performed in place of the regular midday prayer and preceded by a khutbah. The Qur'an…
K
Kafaah
Kafaah is a recommended match between spouses in matters such as religious commitment and character, weighed before a marriage.
Kafalah
Kafalah is the fostering or guardianship of a child who is not one's biological offspring, providing for their upbringing and welfare. In…
Kafan
Kafan is the shroud used to wrap a deceased person's body before burial, typically plain white cloth. Its specific form and number of…
Kaffarah
*Kaffarah* is a fixed act of expiation, in a set sequence of feeding, fasting or freeing, for a specific serious violation.
Khalwa
Khalwa is being alone together in private with someone of the opposite sex who is neither a spouse nor a mahram. A mahram is a close…
Khamr
Khamr is an intoxicant, most directly referring to wine, and used more broadly for alcoholic drink in general. The Qur'an addresses it in…
Khilaf
*Khilaf* is a genuine disagreement among scholars about a ruling, reached for real scholarly reasons rather than carelessness.
Khilaf Mu'tabar
*Khilaf mu'tabar* is a recognized difference: a disagreement between qualified scholars where each position rests on real evidence.
Khitan
Khitan is circumcision. For boys, its status and timing are discussed across the sources. For girls, the practice is addressed separately,…
Khula
Khula is divorce initiated by the wife, typically returning the mahr, or another agreed compensation, to the husband in exchange for ending…
Khutbah
A khutbah is a sermon, most often the one delivered before the Friday congregational prayer. It typically has two parts, separated by a…
Kibr
Kibr is arrogance: rejecting truth out of pride, or looking down on other people. Hadith describe it as incompatible with even a trace of…
Kufr
Kufr is disbelief: the rejection of core articles of Islamic faith. Scholars distinguish between kufr as a technical description of a…
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M
Madhhab
A madhhab is an established school of Islamic legal thought, built on a shared method for deriving rulings. The four Sunni schools in wide…
Madhy
*Madhy* (also written *madhi* or *madhiy*) is pre-seminal fluid, a fluid distinct from semen (*mani*).
Mahr
Mahr is the mandatory gift a husband gives his wife as part of the marriage contract, agreed between the two parties. It becomes her…
Mahram
A mahram is a close relative a person cannot marry — a parent, sibling, or child, by blood, marriage, or nursing. The term matters in…
Makruh
Makruh names an act Islamic law discourages without binding force, rewarded when left and carrying no accountability at all for doing it.
Mala'ikah
Mala'ikah are angels: beings created by God from light. The Qur'an and hadith describe them carrying out specific tasks, such as recording…
Mani'
Mani' names something that blocks a ruling from applying, even when every other requirement for it has already been met.
Maqasid al-Shariah
Maqasid al-Shariah are the purposes behind Islamic law's rulings, chiefly protecting religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property.
Mash
Mash is wiping, rather than washing, a part of the body during wudu. It most often means wiping over the head, or over socks or a cast, in…
Maysir
Maysir is gambling: a transaction where gain depends on chance, with one party's gain coming directly at another's loss. The Qur'an names…
Maytah
Maytah is an animal that has died without being slaughtered according to Islamic law — through natural causes, an accident, or an invalid…
Miqat
A miqat is one of the fixed boundary points around Mecca where a pilgrim must enter ihram before continuing toward hajj or umrah. The…
Mirath
Mirath is inheritance: the distribution of a deceased person's estate among specific relatives. The Qur'an sets out fixed shares for many…
Mu'tamad
*Mu'tamad* is the position later authorities of a school settled on for teaching and issuing fatwas.
Mubah
Mubah names an act Islamic law leaves entirely to personal choice, carrying no reward and no accountability either way.
Mudarabah
Mudarabah is a partnership in which one party provides capital and another provides labor or expertise. Profits are shared by an agreed…
Mufti
A mufti is a scholar recognized as qualified to issue fatwas. The role requires training in the Qur'an, hadith, and legal method. Not every…
Murabahah
Murabahah is a sale in which the seller discloses the item's cost and adds an agreed profit margin. Banks often use it as a financing…
Mushaf
A mushaf is a physical copy of the Qur'an, bound as a book. Fatwas on handling and respect use this specific term — for instance, touching…
Musharakah
Musharakah is a partnership in which two or more parties contribute capital and share both profit and loss by agreed terms. It differs from…
Mustahab
Mustahab names an act Islamic law encourages without binding force, rewarded when done and carrying no accountability at all when left.
N
Nadhr
*Nadhr* is a vow: binding yourself to an act of devotion that was not obligatory before you made the vow.
Nafaqah
Nafaqah is the financial maintenance a husband is responsible for providing his wife: housing, food, clothing, and related needs. It…
Najasah
Najasah is ritual impurity attached to a specific substance, such as certain bodily fluids, rather than to a person's overall state. It…
Namimah
Namimah is carrying tales: repeating what one person said in order to cause conflict with another. Hadith describe it in strong terms. It…
Nifas
Nifas is the bleeding that follows childbirth. Like hayd, it exempts a woman from prayer and fasting, and ends with ghusl once it stops.…
Nikah
Nikah is the Islamic marriage contract: an agreement between a man and a woman. It has specific conditions, such as a guardian's role,…
Nisab
Nisab is the minimum threshold of wealth a person must hold before zakat becomes due on it. It is usually calculated against a set weight…
Niyyah
Niyyah is the intention behind an act of worship — what someone is doing, and why. Prayer, fasting, and the pilgrimage rites all require a…
Q
Qada
*Qada* is performing a missed obligatory act of worship at a later time.
Qada al-Sawm
Qada al-Sawm is making up a missed Ramadan fast day for day, once the excuse that caused the missed fast has passed.
Qadar
Qadar is divine decree: the belief that God has full knowledge of and power over all that happens. Human beings remain accountable for…
Qard Hasan
Qard Hasan is lending money that is repaid in the same amount, with no increase and no benefit attached to the loan.
Qasr
Qasr is shortening the four-unit obligatory prayers to two units, a concession available to a traveler. It applies only to the four-rakah…
Qibla
The qibla is the direction Muslims face in prayer, toward the Kaaba in Mecca. Mosques are built oriented toward it, and prayer mats and…
Qiran
Qiran is combining umrah and hajj under a single, continuous ihram, without exiting it between the two. Like tamattu', it requires a hady,…
Qiwamah
*Qiwamah* is a husband's charge to stand over his family's affairs and provide for them.
Qiyam
Qiyam is the standing position in prayer, when the opening chapter of the Qur'an and further recitation are read. It is the first posture…
Qiyas
Qiyas is analogical reasoning: extending a known ruling to a new case that shares its underlying reason. It is one of the tools scholars…
R
Rahn
Rahn is pledging a specific piece of property as security for a debt, so the creditor can recover it if repayment fails.
Rajih
*Rajih* is the view whose evidence appeared stronger to the scholar weighing it.
Rakah
A rakah is one complete unit of salah, the ritual prayer — a cycle of standing, bowing, and two prostrations, with set recitation. Each of…
Ramadan
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, when fasting from dawn to sunset is obligatory for able adult Muslims. It also…
Riba
Riba is the term used in the Qur'an and hadith for an unjustified increase in a loan or in certain exchanges. It is commonly translated as…
Riya
Riya is doing a good deed so people notice and praise it, rather than seeking God's approval alone.
Rizq
Rizq is provision: everything sustaining a person's life, not limited to wealth, understood in Islamic belief as apportioned by God. It is…
Rukhsah
*Rukhsah* is a concession the law grants because of a standing excuse, while the original rule remains in force.
Rukn
Rukn names a part so essential to an act or contract that without it, nothing recognizable as that act exists at all.
Ruku
Ruku is the bowing position in prayer, performed after the standing recitation in each rakah, back level and hands on the knees. It comes…
Ruqyah
Ruqyah is a method of spiritual healing using recitation from the Qur'an and supplications recorded in hadith. It is applied to seek…
S
Sa'i
Sa'i is walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, near the Kaaba, performed as part of hajj and umrah. It commemorates the…
Sabab
Sabab names something the law treats as a marker that triggers a ruling once it exists, noticed or not.
Sabr
Sabr is patience: steadfastness in hardship, temptation, or the demands of obedience, without complaint that crosses into objecting to…
Sadaqah
Sadaqah is voluntary charitable giving, distinct from zakat, which is obligatory. Hadith describe its scope broadly, extending to money,…
Sahabah
The sahabah are the companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ — those who met him, believed in him, and died as Muslims. Their accounts form a…
Sahih
Sahih describes a hadith judged authentic. Its chain of narrators is unbroken and reliable, and its wording doesn't contradict stronger…
Salah
Salah is the ritual prayer performed by Muslims: a fixed sequence of standing, bowing, and prostration, with set recitation at each stage.…
Salawat
Salawat are blessings invoked on the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, most commonly 'peace and blessings be upon him' after his name. Hadith describe…
Sarf
*Sarf* is exchanging one form of money for another, such as currency for currency, or gold for silver.
Sawm
Sawm is fasting: abstaining from food, drink, and sexual intimacy from dawn until sunset. The obligatory fast is kept through Ramadan;…
Seerah
The seerah is the biography of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ — the record of his life, drawn from hadith and early historical sources. It is a…
Shahadah
The shahadah is the declaration of faith: testifying that there is no god but God, and that Muhammad ﷺ is His messenger. It is the first of…
Sharia
Sharia is the broader body of Islamic law and guidance from the Qur'an and the sunnah. Fiqh is the detailed human scholarship built on top…
Sharikah
Sharikah is two or more people combining capital or labor in a joint venture, sharing its profit and loss between them.
Shart
Shart names something required for an act to count, standing outside the act itself rather than forming one of its essential parts.
Shirk
Shirk is associating partners with God — attributing His unique qualities, worship, or authority to something or someone else. Islamic…
Shubha
Shubha names a matter whose ruling is not yet clear, sitting between what is plainly permitted and forbidden.
Shufah
Shufah is a co-owner's right to take a partner's sold share of shared property, at the same price it sold for.
Sihhah
Sihhah names an act or contract that met every pillar and condition required, so its intended legal effect applies in full.
Silat al-Rahim
Silat al-Rahim is the duty to treat relatives well and never cut them off, even if they cut you off first.
Suhoor
Suhoor is the meal eaten before dawn, before the day's fast begins. Eating it is recommended, and delaying it close to dawn is preferred…
Sujud
Sujud is prostration in prayer: placing the forehead, nose, palms, knees, and toes on the ground. Each rakah includes two. Hadith describe…
Sujud al-Sahw
Sujud al-Sahw is a pair of extra prostrations that correct certain mistakes in prayer, such as an extra or missing rakah. It is done before…
Sukuk
Sukuk are certificates representing ownership in an underlying asset or project, structured as an alternative to conventional,…
Sunnah
Sunnah names both a source of law — the Prophet's recorded example — and a ruling for a recommended, not required, act.
Surah
A surah is a chapter of the Qur'an. There are 114 of them, of varying length, each with its own name. Fatwas on the virtue of reciting a…
T
Ta'addud al-Zawjat
Ta'addud al-Zawjat is a man being married to more than one wife at the same time. Islamic law permits it, up to a maximum of four wives.…
Tafsir
Tafsir is the scholarly discipline of explaining and interpreting the Qur'an — its meanings, context of revelation, and language. The same…
Taharah
Taharah is the broader concept of ritual purity in Islamic law. It covers both the state a person must be in for prayer, and the…
Tajweed
Tajweed is the set of rules for correct pronunciation and recitation of the Qur'an. It covers points such as where letters are articulated…
Talaq
Talaq is divorce initiated by the husband, pronounced through a specific form of words. Islamic law recognizes different types, with…
Talbiyah
The talbiyah is a set formula recited repeatedly by a pilgrim once in ihram, declaring readiness to answer God's call to pilgrimage. It is…
Tamattu'
Tamattu' is one of three ways of combining umrah and hajj in a single journey. A pilgrim performs umrah first, exits ihram, then enters…
Taqlid
*Taqlid* is accepting a qualified scholar's answer and acting on it without examining the evidence behind it yourself.
Taqwa
Taqwa is God-consciousness: an awareness of God that shapes a person's choices. It is often described as a protective mindfulness against…
Tarikah
Tarikah is everything a deceased person leaves behind — money, property, and rights — before any of it is distributed to heirs.
Tarjih
*Tarjih* is preferring one view or piece of evidence over another for a clear reason — a scholar's task, not the asker's.
Tashahhud
Tashahhud is the sitting recitation said during prayer, after the second rakah and, where a prayer has more, the final one. It includes…
Taslim
Taslim is the closing act of salah: turning the head right, then left, saying a greeting of peace each time. It marks the formal end of the…
Tawaf
Tawaf is circling the Kaaba seven times, performed as part of hajj and umrah, and also as a voluntary act at other times. Certain…
Tawakkul
Tawakkul is reliance on God: trusting Him with an outcome after taking the appropriate, permitted means available. Classical scholarship…
Tawbah
Tawbah is repentance: turning back to God after a wrong action. It involves regret, stopping the act, and a sincere intention not to return…
Tawhid
Tawhid is the oneness of God, the central concept of Islamic belief. It affirms that God alone is worthy of worship, without partner or…
Tayammum
Tayammum is a dry substitute for wudu or ghusl, done by striking clean earth or a similar surface and wiping the face and hands. It is used…
Tayyib
Tayyib describes food or provision that is pure, wholesome and free of harm, a quality paired with halal, not a separate ruling.
The sacred months (al-ashhur al-hurum)
The sacred months (*al-ashhur al-hurum*) are four months of the Islamic year: Rajab, Dhu al-Qa'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah and Muharram.
U
Udhiyah
Udhiyah is the animal sacrifice offered around Eid al-Adha, with the meat shared among family, neighbors, and those in need. Scholars…
Udhr
*Udhr* is a valid excuse — illness, travel, or forgetfulness, among others — that Islamic law recognizes and eases a duty for.
Umrah
Umrah is a pilgrimage to Mecca that can be performed at any time of year, with fewer rites than hajj. It is not obligatory in the way hajj…
Urf
*Urf* is what a community habitually does or says and accepts as its norm.
Urud al-tijarah
*Urud al-tijarah* is goods a person holds for sale, intending to profit from them.
Ushr
Ushr is the zakat due on crops at harvest — a tenth of the yield, or half where irrigation costs money.
W
Wajib
Wajib names an act Islamic law demands with full binding force, rewarded for doing it and answerable for leaving it without excuse.
Wakalah
Wakalah is one person authorizing another to act on their behalf in a lawful matter, such as a sale or a marriage.
Wali
A wali, in marriage, is the guardian — typically a father or other close male relative. Some schools of Islamic law make his role in…
Walimah
A walimah is the wedding feast, held to publicly announce a marriage after the nikah, the contract, has taken place. Hadith describe it as…
Waqf
A waqf is an endowment: an asset such as land, a building, or funds, set aside permanently for a charitable or religious purpose. Its…
Wara'
Wara' names the practice of leaving even what is permitted, out of caution, to stay well clear of anything doubtful or forbidden.
Wasiyyah
A wasiyyah is a will or bequest. It lets a person direct up to a third of their estate to people or causes outside the fixed inheritance…
Waswas
*Waswas* (also *waswasah*) is the Arabic word for whispering: intrusive doubts that return again and again.
Witr
Witr is a prayer of an odd number of rakahs, most often performed after the night prayer. Scholars differ on whether it is obligatory or…
Wudu
Wudu is the ritual washing performed before prayer and other acts of worship. It follows a set sequence: washing the face, arms, and feet,…
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Prayer48 terms
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