Rukn

Letter R · Updated Sep 5, 2026

In plain terms

Rukn names a part so essential to an act or contract that without it, nothing recognizable as that act exists at all.

What it means for me: Rukn tells you a piece is load-bearing. Remove it, and there is no flawed version of the act left standing; there is no act at all.

Example: A scholar explains a sale's two pillars: an offer and an acceptance. Without either one, no contract exists at all, not merely an imperfect one. The rest of the deal's details would not matter yet.

Do not confuse with: Shart, condition. A rukn is part of the act's own makeup. A shart stands outside it, required for the act to count but not one of its parts.

If scholars differ: The majority define rukn as anything belonging to an act's essential makeup. In contract law, the Hanafi school narrows rukn to the offer and acceptance alone, treating other elements as conditions instead.

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