Tashahhud
Tashahhud is the sitting recitation said during prayer, after the second rakah and, where a prayer has more, the final one. It includes testimony to God's oneness and the Prophet Muhammad's ﷺ messengership. In the final sitting, salawat, blessings on the Prophet ﷺ, usually follow it.
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See the term in context
What is the reason for Imam Malik's choice of the tashahhud formula that includes "al-zakiyyat" (the pure ones), and does it carry more reward? And what is the ruling on the prayer of an elderly woman who insists on saying "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger," using a disjoined form of the two testimonies?
The Tashahhud is valid with any formula established from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and the difference among scholars lies in what is most preferable. Imam Ahmad explicitly stated the permissibility…
What is the ruling on someone who becomes confused while reciting the Tashahhud regarding the different versions of its wording, and if he remembers the mistake after finishing the prayer or before the Taslim, what should he do?
A Muslim should preserve the wordings of the prescribed ذكر (remembrance) found in prayer and elsewhere. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to teach the Companions the Tashahhud just as he would teach…
What should the worshipper do if he enters the mosque and the Imam is in the Tashahhud, and he does not know which Tashahhud it is, should he recite the first or the second Tashahhud?
What is prescribed for the latecomer, when he joins the Imam, is to do as the Imam does. So, if he catches the Imam in the tashahhud (testification), he should sit for the tashahhud and recite it. It is recommended for…
Questions that use it
Must one adhere to a single formula of Tashahhud in prayer, or is it permissible to vary it between the Tashahhud with the Imam and the worshipper's own Tashahhud?
Should I remain silent during the Tashahhud if the Imam says the taslim before I complete the Tashahhud?
Is the prayer of one who doubts their recitation of "Muhammad is His servant and messenger" and repeats it without repeating the Tashahhud from the beginning invalidated? And is "salli" (send blessings) written with or without a yaa' (ي)? And is "Muhammadun" (Muhammad, nominative) or "Muhammadan" (Muhammad, accusative) used in the Tashahhud? And is the prayer of one who sometimes pronounces it "Muhammadun" and sometimes "Muhammadan" invalidated?