Qada al-Sawm
Qada al-Sawm is making up a missed Ramadan fast day for day, once the excuse that caused the missed fast has passed.
What it means for me: Missing a fast for illness, travel, or menstruation is not itself the problem this term addresses; it is what comes after. Qada al-Sawm tells you the fast is owed later, not lost, and it is due before the next Ramadan arrives.
Example: A woman misses six days of Ramadan due to her monthly cycle. Once Ramadan ends, she fasts six other days at a time of her choosing, before the next Ramadan begins.
Do not confuse with: Fidyah, a feeding payment. Qada al-Sawm fits an excuse expected to lift, so the same act is simply done later. Fidyah fits an excuse that is not expected to lift at all.
If scholars differ: Scholars differ on what a person owes, beyond the fast itself, if they delay qada without excuse until the next Ramadan arrives. A well-known related difference concerns pregnancy and nursing: some scholars require qada alone, others fidyah alone, and others both together.
See the term in context
Is the concept that Divine Decree (al-Qada wal-Qadar) comprises knowledge, writing, will, and creation, and that the servant chooses his actions while Allah wills and creates them, fraught with ambiguity or influenced by Ash'ari doctrine?
What the questioner mentioned concerning his understanding of the issue of Divine Decree (Qada') and Divine Preordainment (Qadar) is correct. The stages of belief in it are four: knowledge, writing, will, and creation.…
Why was the 'Umrah of Al-Qada' (Fulfilled 'Umrah) given this name, is 'Umrah fulfilled as a principle, and did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, perform an 'Umrah other than his 'Umrah with his Hajj as a Qarin (performing Hajj and 'Umrah together)?
The Prophet's ﷺ 'Umrah that followed the Treaty of Hudaybiyah was named 'Umrat al-Qada' or al-Qadiyah because he settled matters with Quraysh during it. It was not a make-up for a previous 'Umrah that was invalidated;…
How can Divine Decree and Predestination (Al-Qada’ wal-Qadar) be understood according to the methodology of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah, with simplified examples and explanation? And why did Allah grant victory to Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi, even though he adhered to the Ash'ari creed? And where were the scholars of Sunnah in producing leaders like him?
Some scholars have attributed to Saladin al-Ayyubi the belief in the Ash'ari school of thought. Not everyone who holds the view of the Ash'aris is an enemy of the creed of the Salaf. And whoever is a mujtahid…
Questions that use it
Is the call to prayer (adhan) obligatory for a missed prayer (salat al-qada')?
Does the noble verse: ﴿And when We intend to destroy a city, We command its affluent ones, so they defiantly disobey therein; then the word [of torment] becomes true upon it, and We destroy it with [complete] destruction﴾ [Al-Isra: 16] indicate that Allah Almighty directs the affluent to commit wickedness? And what is the explanation of the noble Hadith: "Indeed, one of you is created in his mother's womb for forty days as a drop of fluid, then he becomes a clinging clot for a similar period, then a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then an angel is sent to him to breathe the soul into him, and he is commanded with four words: to write down his provision, his lifespan, his deeds, and whether he will be wretched or سعaీद (blessed). By Allah, besides Whom there is no other god, indeed one of you may perform the deeds of the people of Paradise until there is nothing between him and it except a cubit, then what is decreed overtakes him, so he performs the deeds of the people of Hellfire and enters it. And indeed one of you may perform the deeds of the people of Hellfire until there is nothing between him and it except a cubit, then what is decreed overtakes him, so he performs the deeds of the people of Paradise and enters it" in relation to divine decree and destiny (Al-Qada wal-Qadar)?
What is the significance of Salatul-Istikhara (the Prayer of Seeking Guidance), and what is its benefit in relation to divine decree and destiny (Al-Qada wal-Qadar)?