Fasid
Fasid names an act or contract sound at its root but flawed in one attached condition.
What it means for me: Fasid usually leads to the same outcome as batil: the arrangement has to be undone. The label mainly matters for working out the details of undoing it.
Example: One scholar calls a deal fasid; another calls the same deal batil. Both agree it cannot stand, so the useful question is what happens to the money now, not which label is correct.
Do not confuse with: Batil, void. The majority use the two words for the same thing. The Hanafi school keeps fasid for a sound contract carrying one flawed condition.
If scholars differ: The majority hold fasid and batil describe the same defect. The Hanafi school distinguishes them: fasid describes a contract sound at its root but flawed in one condition, unlike batil. See know the ruling before you sign.
See the term in context
Is the current marriage, entered into after a controversial, innovated (bid'i) divorce, considered invalid (fasid) and unlawful (haram)? And is it null and void, and a departure from the methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, to adopt and act upon the fatwa of Ibn Baz, may Allah have mercy on him? And does the invalidity of this act entail the invalidity of all acts of worship, such as Hajj, prayer, fasting, and Zakat, thereby making the questioner fall under the meaning of the two Quranic verses: "And We shall turn to whatever deeds they did and make them as scattered dust" (Al-Furqan 25:23) and "Say, 'Shall we inform you of the greatest losers as to their deeds? Those whose effort is lost in worldly life, while they think that they are doing good work'" (Al-Kahf 18:103-104)? And is the questioner a heretic (zindiq) for departing from the madhhab of Imam Malik to the madhhab of Imam Ahmad in his fatwa? And are the obsessions, distractions, and pangs of conscience that dominate him the voice of truth calling him to separate from his wife and family, or are they whispers from the accursed Satan?
The whispers (waswas) you experience are from Satan, aiming to deter you from the straight path and make you despair of Allah's mercy. To overcome this, increase your recitation of verses of mercy and forgiveness that…
Is a man's saying to a widowed woman, "You are my wife," and her acceptance of that in the presence of witnesses, considered a valid marriage (zawaj sahih) or a void marriage (nikah fasid) that necessitates divorce for her to be able to marry another, especially given her knowledge of the permissibility of marriage without a guardian (wali) according to Abu Hanifa?
Marriage is not contracted through such frivolous and objectionable speech that occurred between the man and the woman at the workplace. There is no need for divorce or annulment because it was never validly contracted…
What is the ruling on the marriage of a previously married woman (thayyib) that took place عرفيًا (customarily/unofficially) with the assistance of a ma'dhun (marriage official), where the ma'dhun acted as the first witness and his lawyer as the second witness, and no one knew about this marriage? And is divorce obligatory for the wife if the marriage is invalid (batil) or corrupt (fasid)?
Marriage without a guardian (wali) is invalid according to the majority of scholars, and it is considered a فاسد (corrupt/irregular) marriage. However, it is valid according to the Hanafis if the contract is concluded…
Questions that use it
If the marriage was invalid and was annulled or divorce occurred because of it, is the waiting period (iddah) one menstrual cycle or three menstrual cycles?
What is the ruling on proposing to a woman whose husband has not yet divorced her from an invalid marriage?
Does a relative who received 3 kg of gold for investment have the right to refuse to hand over the recorded profits (1.5%) and stipulate that these be waived in exchange for returning the principal, under the pretext of market stagnation, after being granted a grace period of 3 months and acknowledging the profits?