Is it permissible to work for a company that develops IT systems for a government institution that deals with usury (riba) and life insurance?

There is no harm in your work on an IT systems project for an institution whose work is not purely Haram (definition), unless the project pertains to Riba (usury/interest) and prohibited commercial insurance, in which case it is impermissible to work on it. The same applies if you know that the Riba-based branches will benefit from it in their prohibited transactions.