What is the ruling on the ablution of one who applies oil to an afflicted area on their head or hands?

First: Oil on the hair of the head does not invalidate ablution (Wudu') because Wudu' is based on ease. However, in ritual bathing (Ghusl) from major impurity (Janabah) or menstruation, it must be removed due to the necessity of water reaching the skin.

Second: If the oil is on the skin of the hand, foot, or face, the oily layer must be removed to ensure water reaches the skin.

Third: If the oil was applied due to an excuse, such as an illness, and its removal would cause harm or hardship, then it is sufficient to pass water over it and wipe it in both Wudu' and Ghusl. It then takes the ruling of a splint (Jabeerah).

Fourth: If it is not possible to wipe over the limb that has oil or medicine on it, and it is not possible to place an adhesive bandage and wipe over it, then the sound limbs should be washed, and Tayammum (dry ablution) should be performed for the ailing limb.