What is the amount of wealth a Muslim is permitted to bequeath after death, and is it permissible for him to dispose of more than half while he is alive?

The legally permissible amount for a will (wasiyah) does not exceed one-third, based on the hadith: "Indeed, Allah has bestowed upon you, at the time of your death, one-third of your wealth as an increase for you in your deeds," and the hadith of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.

As for the disposition of a person suffering from a life-threatening illness, their charitable donations (tabarru'at) fall under the ruling of a will. It is not permissible for them to donate or gift more than one-third.

If a person is not suffering from a life-threatening illness, they are permitted to donate or gift any amount from their wealth, provided that they do not neglect a necessary expenditure, such as the maintenance of their wife and children, based on the hadith: "It is sufficient sin for a person to neglect those whom he is obliged to support."

It is not permissible to prefer one child over others in a gift, based on the hadith: "Fear Allah and be just among your children."

It is not permissible to make a bequest (wasiyah) to an heir, based on the hadith: "Indeed, Allah has given every rightful person their right, so there is no bequest for an heir."