What is the ruling on one who doubts the disbelief of a person whom some scholars have declared to be a disbeliever, without knowing the reason for that declaration of disbelief? And what is the ruling on one who declares that anyone who doubts the disbelief of this person is a disbeliever? And what is the ruling on my not informing him of the reason why some scholars have declared him to be a disbeliever?

The phrase "He who does not declare a disbeliever to be a disbeliever is himself a disbeliever" means he who does not declare as disbelievers those whose disbelief is certain, such as Jews and Christians. As for a Muslim who commits an act of disbelief out of ignorance, error, or misinterpretation, and upon whom the proof has not been established, it is not permissible to declare him a disbeliever unless the conditions for declaring disbelief are met and its impediments are absent. Scholars have explicitly stated that whoever adheres to a religion other than Islam, or doubts their disbelief, or validates their creed, is a disbeliever because he denies the Almighty’s statement: "And whoever desires a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be among the losers" (Quran 3:85). Therefore, one must fear Allah and be wary of declaring Muslims disbelievers and delving into these intricate matters.