Is the emission of maniyy or madhy after seeing exciting images, without touching the penis, considered masturbation, and what is its ruling, even if the fasting person is unaware of breaking the fast?

One must lower their gaze from what is forbidden to look at, and this is even more emphasized during fasting. Intentionally looking is a sin. However, if the gaze falls unexpectedly and is then averted, and then desire is aroused and maniy (sperm) or madhiy (pre-cum) is discharged, there is no sin.

As for the validity of the fast: If the person did not intentionally repeat the gaze and madhiy was discharged, the fast is valid. The same applies even if it was repeated, according to the more preponderant view. If maniy was discharged, the fast is valid according to the Shafi'is and Hanafis, but there is a difference of opinion among the Hanbalis and Malikis. It is preferable to make up the fast to avoid the disagreement.

The discharge of maniy due to looking is not considered masturbation, as masturbation is the deliberate expulsion of maniy by some means.