Is it permissible to pray at home when subjected to harm from the mosque community?

It is not permissible to abandon prayer in the mosque for the reasons you mentioned in the question, as congregational prayer in the mosque is either obligatory or highly recommended, and one misses out on many rewards by abandoning it. We advise maintaining prayer in the mosque while enduring the harshness of its people, remembering the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) saying: "The believer who mixes with people and is patient with their harm is greater in reward than the one who does not mix with people and is not patient with their harm." Be sure to be gentle and treat them kindly, ask them about the reason for their harshness to remove any doubt, and increase your seeking of forgiveness.