What is the ruling on trading with others' money in exchange for a fixed monthly percentage of profit, given that the actual profit is higher, and how is zakat paid on these funds, and what is the ruling on insuring employees against their betrayal or theft, and what is the ruling on taking profit on one's own money?

For the validity of Mudarabah (profit-sharing partnership), it is a condition that the profit be a specified and agreed-upon percentage of the profits, not of the capital. Stipulating a percentage of the capital or guaranteeing it transforms it into an usurious loan. It is necessary to agree with the investor on a known percentage of the annual profits, and it is permissible to pay monthly amounts on account. Zakat is obligatory on both the capital and its profit. Each investor may pay Zakat on their share, or the company may undertake to pay Zakat on behalf of everyone. Commercial insurance of all types is prohibited. It is permissible for the organizer to participate with his money in the Mudarabah and to have a share of the profit like other investors, in addition to his profit as a Mudarib (managing partner), with the investors being informed of this.