Is the inferring of Earth's stability from the Hajj verse, and the sun's revolving around the Earth from the Hadith of Joshua bin Nun and other verses and hadiths, correct? And does that contradict the fact that the succession of night and day is a result of the Earth's rotation?

The interpretation of "deep fajj" (deep pass/valley) does not indicate that the Earth is stationary and the Kaaba is above it. Joshua's prayer to the sun neither negates nor affirms the rotation of the sun or the Earth; that judgment is based on what appears to the observer. A distinction should be made between scientific theories and scientific facts, as theories are susceptible to error and correctness, and motion is a relative quantity. The statement that the Earth revolves around the sun is merely an assumption that has benefited us practically more than the opposite assumption, and it is impossible to prove wrong someone who states the contrary.