Should I insist on seeking a divorce from my husband who does not believe in the pillars of faith and Islam, and who mocks the hijab and prayer, or should I be patient with him?

If the husband does not believe in the pillars of faith (Iman) and Islam, then he is a disbeliever (kafir), and it is not permissible for a Muslim woman to remain married to him. This is a separation, not a divorce, because the marriage is invalid from its inception due to the prohibition of a Muslim woman marrying a non-Muslim. If he repents and becomes satisfactory in his religion and character, then he may marry her with a new contract. However, if he married her as a Muslim and then apostatized, then if he repents before the expiry of her 'iddah (waiting period), the marriage remains valid. Otherwise, it is forbidden for her to remain with him due to the potential loss of her faith.