Why does the historical record of the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) sending letters to kings (Heraclius, Khosrow, al-Muqawqis) in the year 6 AH (628 CE) not align with historical reality, especially considering the ongoing Sasanian-Byzantine war, the circumstances of both Heraclius and al-Muqawqis, and the situation of the Muslims at that time?

The authentic texts in Al-Bukhari and Muslim confirm the letters of the Prophet, peace be upon him, to Heraclius and Muqawqis. These are historical events documented in the oldest books of biography. The letters were not necessarily delivered directly, as in the case of Heraclius, who received it from the governor of Busra and read it after the end of the war, and as clarified by Heraclius's meeting with Abu Sufyan. As for Muqawqis, the letter was sent to the Coptic ruler George I. The letters included an invitation to Islam and a warning of the sin of the Arians or Copts if they refused, with the citation of the verse: ﴿O People of the Scripture, come to a word that is equitable between us and you﴾. There is nothing that necessitates denying these letters historically, as the precise details confirm their authenticity, and sending letters during wars is a natural matter and takes time. The nature of the Islamic call requires its propagation to all people, near and far, which explains the Prophet's sending of these letters to kings.