Does the supplication: "O Allah, subject to me the earth and all upon it, and the heavens and all within them; subject to me the people around me, and those to whom I have entrusted my affairs; and grant me the most beautiful portions of this world and the Hereafter," contain any Sharia violations?

The Muslim should primarily supplicate with comprehensive prayers that encompass the good of this world and the Hereafter, especially those authentically narrated in the Quran and Sunnah, and avoid elaborate and innovated supplications. The mentioned phrases, "O Allah, subject to me the means of the heavens and the earth," or "O Allah, subject to me the angels of the sky and the soldiers of the earth," clearly contain an element of تكلف (over-elaboration/unnaturalness). It is better to say, "O Allah, ease my matter," or "O Allah, prepare for me guidance in my affair."