Is the manufacture of sugar and chewing gum permissible or forbidden?

If it is confirmed that animal bones are used in sugar production, the condition of the bones should be considered: If they have undergone a chemical transformation into another substance, then they are pure, and there is no harm in using them. If they are from a marine animal or an animal slaughtered Islamically (dhabiha), then there is no harm in using them. However, if they are from a land animal that was not slaughtered according to Islamic law and has not undergone transformation, then they remain impure, and their use is prohibited. If their condition or source is unknown, the apparent ruling is that they are permissible due to the widespread difficulty (umum al-balwa) and the unknown origin. Chewing gum is permissible as long as its production does not involve anything that would render it forbidden. The general principle concerning foods is permissibility until proven otherwise by evidence.