Are a few intermittent drops of blood that appear after an absence of four months—given the knowledge of having polycystic ovary syndrome and the presence of a clear, transparent discharge accompanying it—considered menstruation, necessitating abstention from prayer?

Slight blood spots that do not last for a day and a night are not considered menses by the majority of scholars, and this is the fatwa (definition) given. A woman should perform ablution for them and pray. The Malikis hold that the minimum duration for menstruation is a single discharge, and performing ghusl (definition) (ritual bath) afterwards is a good precautionary measure.