What is the ruling on masturbating in Ramadan regarding the fast and prayers, and what must one who did it out of ignorance do, then repeated it intentionally, and what are the characteristics of mani (spermatic fluid) and madhy (pre-seminal fluid)?

Masturbation is forbidden, and its sin is magnified in Ramadan. It does not invalidate the fast unless semen is discharged. If no semen is discharged, then the fast is valid and no compensatory fast is required.

A woman's semen is usually yellowish and thin, characterized by a smell similar to a man's semen, and it is discharged with a gush followed by relaxation and pleasure. As for madhy (pre-seminal fluid), it is a thin, sticky fluid that is discharged upon sexual arousal, but it does not gush out nor is it followed by relaxation, and it does not invalidate the fast.

If the discharge was semen, the fast is invalidated, and a compensatory fast and repentance are obligatory. There is no expiation (kaffarah) according to the more preponderant opinion. However, if it was madhy, the fast is not invalidated.

Whoever commits an act that invalidates the fast, being ignorant that it invalidates it, is not required to make up the fast according to the more preponderant opinion, but making it up is better as a precaution.