What is the definition of the Qira'at (readings) by their types (Mutawatir, Mashhur, Shadhdh)? What is the reading that contradicts the language, and how can a reading proven to be from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, contradict the Uthmani text? Is it possible for a reading to be authentically from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and yet contradict the language?

A mutawatir reading is one narrated by a group from a group, making it impossible for them to conspire to lie, and it conforms to the Uthmani script and the Arabic language. As for a mashhur (well-known) reading, its chain of narration is authentic, it has reached widespread fame, and it conforms to the script and the Arabic language, but it has not reached the level of tawatur. A shadhdhah (aberrant) reading is any reading that deviates from the Uthmani script, even if its chain of narration is authentic and it conforms to the Arabic language; examples include the readings of Ibn Mas'ud, Aisha, and Ibn Abbas for some verses. As for the readings with authentic chains of narration from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, none of them contradict the Arabic language.