What is the legitimate legal formula for taking an oath, based on the the legal maxim "The burden of proof is on the claimant and the oath is on the one who denies"?
The oath that clears one's liabilities is the oath by Allah the Almighty. It is recommended to make it more solemn by mentioning Allah's attributes, such as saying: "By Allah, there is no god but He, Knower of the unseen and the seen, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, Who knows what is secret as He knows what is manifest." The solemnization of an oath is done in serious lawsuits, such as those involving felonies, manumission, divorce, and large sums of money.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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