What is the solution for dealing with a friend who considers some forbidden things – such as photographing living beings and music – permissible, and is not convinced by the evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah?

The verse mentioned is not applicable here as a point of evidence. You should convey the message to your friend and gently advise and guide him without prolonging or insisting. Seize the appropriate moment and try to convince him kindly. You can seek the help of a sheikh or a scholar. Convince him of the soundness of the evidence by showing him the words of the people of knowledge, draw close to him with a gift, and make him feel your eagerness and love for him. And do not forget to supplicate for his guidance.