What is the ruling on a friend asking for an amount of money to complete a business deal with a promise to return it tenfold, then asking for an additional amount to complete the delayed work with a promise to return both amounts plus 3% of his known business profit, and none of the promises have been fulfilled?

The first transaction is Islamically prohibited. If the amount is a loan that brings benefit, then it is usury (riba). If it is for a partnership, then stipulating a known portion of the profit invalidates the partnership. Similarly, the second transaction is prohibited if it is a loan. However, if it is a partnership, then stipulating a guarantee of the capital invalidates it.