Has there been a prohibition in Islamic Law against looking at shooting stars and a command to seek refuge from them?

There is no evidence prohibiting looking at the stars except when they are falling. Rather, there are texts indicating the functions of the stars and enjoining looking at and contemplating the sky. However, looking at them for the purpose of astrology is forbidden. It is prohibited to look at meteors when they are falling, due to what Imam Ahmad narrated in his Musnad from Abu Qatadah: "Indeed, we have been forbidden from following them with our gaze."