How can a husband legitimately have intercourse with his wife after childbirth, and what are the rights of spouses in Islam, in both Arabic and English?

It is permissible for the husband to have intercourse with his wife after postpartum bleeding (nifas) if the blood has stopped, even if it is before forty days. The duration exceeding forty days is considered Istihadha (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) which does not prevent prayer, fasting, or sexual intercourse with the husband. If bleeding recommences after having stopped within the forty-day period, it is considered nifas, unless there has been an intervening period of fifteen days of purity.