Is a cancer patient who used to work for a contracting company owned by his father entitled to receive a monthly pension from the company's legally mandated insurance, knowing that he did not personally initiate the payment of any insurance premiums?

Insurance is of two types: commercial, which is forbidden because it involves gambling and consuming people's wealth unjustly, and cooperative, which is permissible. If the insurance in question is commercial and mandatory, then there is no sin upon you, and it is permissible to benefit from it only to the extent of what you have paid. Any surplus should be given in charity. If you have paid nothing, then whatever you receive from the insurance company for damage resulting from accidents and injuries that cause a legally recognized disability is permissible to take. However, as for what you receive for medical treatment, reaching retirement age, or similar benefits, it is not permissible to take from it except to the extent of what you have paid, and the remainder should be spent on charitable causes and for the benefit of Muslims.